Android中提供的HttpURLConnection和HttpClient接口可以用来开发HTTP程序。以下是学习中的一些经验。
1、HttpURLConnection接口
首先需要明确的是,Http通信中的POST和GET请求方式的不同。GET可以获得静态页面,也可以把参数放在URL字符串后面,传递给服务器。而POST方法的参数是放在Http请求中。因此,在编程之前,应当首先明确使用的请求方法,然后再根据所使用的方式选择相应的编程方式。HttpURLConnection是继承于URLConnection类,二者都是抽象类。其对象主要通过URL的openConnection方法获得。创建方法如下代码所示:
URL url = new URL("https://www.hxstrive.com/index.jsp?type=231"); HttpURLConnection urlConn=(HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
通过以下方法可以对请求的属性进行一些设置,如下所示:
//设置输入和输出流 urlConn.setDoOutput(true); urlConn.setDoInput(true); //设置请求方式为POST urlConn.setRequestMethod("POST"); //POST请求不能使用缓 urlConn.setUseCaches(false); urlConn.disConnection();
HttpURLConnection默认使用GET方式,例如下面代码所示:
HttpURLConnection urlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); InputStreamReader in = new InputStreamReader(urlConn.getInputStream()); BufferedReader buffer = new BufferedReader(in); String inputLine = null; while (((inputLine = buffer.readLine()) != null)) { resultData += inputLine + "\n"; } in.close(); urlConn.disconnect();
如果需要使用POST方式,则需要setRequestMethod设置。代码如下:
String httpUrl = "https://www.hxstrive.com/getUser.jsp"; String resultData = ""; URL url = null; try { url = new URL(httpUrl); } catch (MalformedURLException e) { Log.e(DEBUG_TAG, "MalformedURLException"); } if (url != null) { try { HttpURLConnection urlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); //因为这个是post请求,设立需要设置为true urlConn.setDoOutput(true); urlConn.setDoInput(true); urlConn.setRequestMethod("POST"); // 设置以POST方式 urlConn.setUseCaches(false); urlConn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true); urlConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); // 这些配置必须要在connect之前完成, // 要注意的是connection.getOutputStream会隐含的进行connect。 urlConn.connect(); // DataOutputStream流 DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(urlConn.getOutputStream()); String content = "name=" + URLEncoder.encode("张三", "GB2312"); out.writeBytes(content); out.flush(); out.close(); } catch(Exception e) { // } }
2、HttpClient接口
使用Apache提供的HttpClient接口同样可以进行HTTP操作。对于GET和POST请求方法的操作有所不同。GET方法的操作代码示例如下:
String httpUrl = "https://www.hxstrive.com/getUser.jsp?par=123"; // HttpGet连接对象 HttpGet httpRequest = new HttpGet(httpUrl); HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpResponse httpResponse = httpclient.execute(httpRequest); // 请求成功 if (httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) { // 取得返回的字符串 String strResult = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity()); mTextView.setText(strResult); } else { mTextView.setText("请求错误!"); }
使用POST方法进行参数传递时,需要使用NameValuePair来保存要传递的参数。另外,还需要设置所使用的字符集。代码如下所示:
String httpUrl = "https://www.hxstrive.com/getUser.jsp"; HttpPost httpRequest = new HttpPost(httpUrl); List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("userId", "123")); HttpEntity httpentity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "GB2312"); //设置字符集 httpRequest.setEntity(httpentity); //取得默认的HttpClient HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient(); //取得HttpResponse HttpResponse httpResponse = httpclient.execute(httpRequest); //HttpStatus.SC_OK表示连接成功 if (httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) { // 取得返回的字符串 String strResult = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity()); mTextView.setText(strResult); } else { mTextView.setText("请求错误!"); }
HttpClient实际上是对Java提供方法的一些封装,在HttpURLConnection中的输入输出流操作,在这个接口中被统一封装成了HttpPost(HttpGet)和HttpResponse,这样,就减少了操作的繁琐性。